About Whatsapp
American freeware, cross-platform centralized messaging and voice-over-IP (VoIP) service owned by Facebook, Inc.[14] It allows users to send text messages and voice messages,[15] make voice and video calls, and share images, documents, user locations, and other content.[16][17] WhatsApp's client application runs on mobile devices but is additionally accessible from desktop computers, as long because the user's mobile device remains connected to the web while they use the desktop app.[18] The service requires each user to supply a typical cellular mobile phone number for registering with the service.[19] In January 2018, WhatsApp released a standalone business app targeted at small business owners, called WhatsApp Business, to permit companies to speak with customers who use the quality WhatsApp client.
History
2009–2014 Edit
WhatsApp was founded by Brian Acton and Jan Koum, former employees of Yahoo!.
In January 2009, after purchasing an iPhone and realizing the potential of the app industry on the App Store, Koum and Acton began visiting Koum's friend Alex Fishman in West San Jose to debate a replacement sort of messaging app that might show "statuses next to individual names of the people".[61] They realized that to require the thought further, they might need an iPhone developer. Fishman visited RentACoder.com, found Russian developer Igor Solomennikov, and introduced him to Koum.
Koum named the app WhatsApp to sound like "what's up". On February 24, 2009, he incorporated[9] WhatsApp Inc. in California. However, when early versions of WhatsApp kept crashing, Koum considered abandoning and searching for a replacement job. Acton encouraged him to attend for a "few more months".[61]
In June 2009, Apple launched push notifications, allowing users to be pinged once they weren't using an app. Koum changed WhatsApp in order that everyone within the user's network would be notified when a user's status is modified .[27] WhatsApp 2.0 was released with a messaging component and therefore the number of active users suddenly increased to 250,000. Although Acton was performing on another startup idea, he decided to hitch the corporate .[27] In October 2009, Acton persuaded five former friends at Yahoo! to take a position $250,000 in seed funding, and Acton became a co-founder and was given a stake. He officially joined WhatsApp on All Saints' Day .[27] After months at beta stage, the appliance launched in November 2009, exclusively on the App Store for the iPhone. Koum then hired a lover in l. a. , Chris Peiffer, to develop a BlackBerry version, which arrived two months later.[27] In 2010, WhatsApp was subject to multiple acquisition offers from Google which were declined.[62]
To cover the value of sending verification texts to users, WhatsApp was changed from a free service to a paid one. In December 2009, the power to send photos was added to the iOS version. By early 2011, WhatsApp was one among the highest 20 apps in Apple's U.S. App Store.[27]
In April 2011, Sequoia Capital invested about $8 million for quite 15% of the corporate , after months of negotiation by Sequoia partner Jim Goetz.[63][64][65]
By February 2013, WhatsApp had about 200 million active users and 50 staff members. Sequoia invested another $50 million, and WhatsApp was valued at $1.5 billion.[27] Sometime in 2013,[66] WhatsApp acquired Santa Clara based startup, SkyMobius, the developers of Vtok,[67] a video and voice calling app.[68]
In a December 2013 blog post, WhatsApp claimed that 400 million active users used the service monthly .[69]
After months at beta stage, the official first release of WhatsApp launched in November 2009, exclusively at the App Store for iPhone. In January 2010, support for BlackBerry smartphones was added; and subsequently for Symbian OS in May 2010, and for Android OS in August 2010. In August 2011, a beta for Nokia's non-smartphone OS Series 40 was added. A month later, support for Windows Phone was added, followed by BlackBerry 10 in March 2013.[130] In April 2015, support for Samsung's Tizen OS was added.[131] The oldest device capable of running WhatsApp was the Symbian-based Nokia N95 released in March 2007. (As of June 2017, WhatsApp is no longer compatible with it.)
In August 2014, WhatsApp released an Android update, adding support for Android Wear smartwatches.[132]
On January 21, 2015, WhatsApp launched WhatsApp Web, a browser-based web client that could be used by syncing with a mobile device's connection.[133]
On February 26, 2016, WhatsApp announced they would cease support for BlackBerry (including BlackBerry 10), Series 40, and Symbian S60, as well as older versions of Android (2.2), Windows Phone (7.0), and iOS (6), by the end of 2016.[134] BlackBerry, Series 40, and Symbian support was then extended to June 30, 2017.[135] In June 2017, support for BlackBerry and Series 40 was once again extended until the end of 2017, while Symbian was dropped.[136]
Support for BlackBerry and older (version 8.0) Windows Phone and older (version 6) iOS devices was dropped on January 1, 2018, but was extended to December 2018 for Nokia Series 40.[137] In July 2018, it was announced that WhatsApp would soon be available for KaiOS feature phones.[138][139]
In October 2019, WhatsApp officially launched a new fingerprint app-locking feature for Android users.[140]
WhatsApp Web Edit
WhatsApp was officially made available for PCs through a web client, under the name WhatsApp Web,[141] in late January 2015 through an announcement made by Koum on his Facebook page: "Our web client is simply an extension of your phone: the web browser mirrors conversations and messages from your mobile device—this means all of your messages still live on your phone". The WhatsApp user's handset must still be connected to the Internet for the browser application to function. All major desktop browsers are supported except for Internet Explorer. WhatsApp Web's user interface is based on the default Android one and can be accessed through web.whatsapp.com. Access is granted after the users scan their personal QR code through their mobile WhatsApp application.
As of January 21, 2015, the desktop version was only available to Android, BlackBerry, and Windows Phone users. Later on, it also added support for iOS, Nokia Series 40, and Nokia S60 (Symbian).[142][143]
There are similar solutions for macOS, such as the open-source ChitChat, previously known as WhatsMac.[144][145][146]
Microsoft Windows and Mac Edit
On May 10, 2016, the messaging service was introduced for both Microsoft Windows and macOS operating systems. WhatsApp currently does not allow audio or video calling from desktop operating systems. Similar to the WhatsApp Web format, the app, which will be synced with a user's mobile device, is available for download on the website. It supports OS versions of Windows 8 and OS X 10.10 and higher.[147][148][149]
Apple iPad Edit
A story circulated in 2019 that iPad support was coming.[150]
However, as of December 2020, WhatsApp does not run on the Apple iPad. From the WhatsApp iOS page (accessed March 2020): "WhatsApp is a telephony app, so iPod and iPad are not supported devices."[151]
iPad users searching for WhatsApp are shown numerous third-party clients. Several top results have names and logos resembling WhatsApp itself, and some users do not realize they are using a third-party client. Using third-party clients runs the risk to the user of their phone number being permanently banned.[152]
WhatsApp uses a customized version of the open standard Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP).[153] Upon installation, it creates a user account using one's phone number as the username (Jabber ID: [phone number]@s.whatsapp.net).
WhatsApp software automatically compares all the phone numbers from the device's address book with its central database of WhatsApp users to automatically add contacts to the user's WhatsApp contact list. Previously the Android and Nokia Series 40 versions used an MD5-hashed, reversed-version of the phone's IMEI as password,[154] while the iOS version used the phone's Wi-Fi MAC address instead of IMEI.[155][156] A 2012 update now generates a random password on the server side.[157] Alternatively a user can send to any contact in Whatsapp database through the url https://api.whatsapp.com/send/?phone=[phone number] where [phone number] is the number of the contact including the country code.
Some dual-SIM devices may not be compatible with WhatsApp, though there are some workarounds for this.[158]
In February 2015, WhatsApp introduced a voice calling feature; this helped WhatsApp to attract a completely different segment of the user population.[159][160] WhatsApp's voice codec is Opus,[161][162][163] which uses the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) and linear predictive coding (LPC) audio compression algorithms.[164] WhatsApp uses Opus at 8–16 kHz sampling rates.[161][163] On November 14, 2016, Whatsapp added a video calling feature for users across Android, iPhone, and Windows Phone devices.[165][166]
In November 2017, Whatsapp released a new feature that would let its users delete messages sent by mistake within a time frame of 7 minutes.[167]
Multimedia messages are sent by uploading the image, audio or video to be sent to an HTTP server and then sending a link to the content along with its Base64 encoded thumbnail (if applicable).[168]
WhatsApp follows a "store and forward" mechanism for exchanging messages between two users. When a user sends a message, it first travels to the WhatsApp server where it is stored. Then the server repeatedly requests the receiver to acknowledge receipt of the message. As soon as the message is acknowledged, the server drops the message; it is no longer available in the database of the server. The WhatsApp server keeps the message only for 30 days in its database when it is not delivered (when the receiver is not active on WhatsApp for 30 days).[169][self-published source?]
End-to-end encryption Edit
On November 18, 2014, Open Whisper Systems announced a partnership with WhatsApp to provide end-to-end encryption by incorporating the encryption protocol used in Signal into each WhatsApp client platform.[170] Open Whisper Systems said that they had already incorporated the protocol into the latest WhatsApp client for Android, and that support for other clients, group/media messages, and key verification would be coming soon after.[171] WhatsApp confirmed the partnership to reporters, but there was no announcement or documentation about the encryption feature on the official website, and further requests for comment were declined.[172] In April 2015, German magazine Heise Security used ARP spoofing to confirm that the protocol had been implemented for Android-to-Android messages, and that WhatsApp messages from or to iPhones running iOS were still not end-to-end encrypted.[173] They expressed the concern that regular WhatsApp users still could not tell the difference between end-to-end encrypted messages and regular messages.[173]
On April 5, 2016, WhatsApp and Open Whisper Systems announced that they had finished adding end-to-end encryption to "every form of communication" on WhatsApp, and that users could now verify each other's keys.[55][174] Users were also given the option to enable a trust on first use mechanism in order to be notified if a correspondent's key changes.[175] According to a white paper that was released along with it
Hoaxes and fake news Edit
Mob murders in India Edit
In July 2018, WhatsApp encouraged people to report fraudulent or inciting messages after lynch mobs in India murdered innocent people because of malicious WhatsApp messages falsely accusing the victims of intending to abduct children.[183]
2018 elections in Brazil Edit
In an investigation on the use of social media in politics, it was found that WhatsApp was being abused for the spread of fake news in the 2018 presidential elections in Brazil.[184] Furthermore, it has been reported that US$3 million has been spent in illegal off-the-books contributions related to this practice.[185]
Researchers and journalists have called on WhatsApp parent company, Facebook, to adopt measures similar to those adopted in India and restrict the spread of hoaxes and fake news.[184]
Security and privacy Edit
Main article: Reception and criticism of WhatsApp security and privacy features
WhatsApp was initially criticized for its lack of encryption, sending information as plaintext.[186] Encryption was first added in May 2012.[187][188][189] End-to-end encryption was only fully implemented in April 2016 after a two-year process.
In 2016, WhatsApp was widely praised for the addition of end-to-end encryption and earned a 6 out of 7 points on the Electronic Frontier Foundation's "Secure Messaging Scorecard".[190] WhatsApp was criticized by security researchers and the Electronic Frontier Foundation for using backups that are not covered by end-to-end encryption and allow messages to be accessed by third-parties.[191][192]
In May 2019, a security vulnerability in WhatsApp was found and fixed that allowed a remote person to install spyware by making a call which did not need to be answered.[193][194]
In September 2019, WhatsApp was criticized for its implementation of a 'delete for everyone' feature. iOS users can elect to save media to their camera roll automatically. When a user deletes media for everyone, WhatsApp does not delete images saved in the iOS camera roll and so those users are able to keep the images. WhatsApp released a statement saying that "the feature is working properly," and that images stored in the camera roll cannot be deleted due to Apple's security layers.[195]
In December 2019, WhatsApp confirmed a security flaw that would allow hackers to use a malicious GIF image file to gain access to the recipient's data. When the recipient opened the gallery within WhatsApp, even if not sending the malicious image, the hack is triggered and the device and its contents become vulnerable. The flaw was patched and users were encouraged to update WhatsApp.[196][197][198]
In November 2019, WhatsApp released a new privacy feature that let users decide who adds them to the group.[199]
On December 17, 2019, WhatsApp fixed a security flaw that allowed cyber attackers to repeatedly crash the messaging application for all members of group chat, which could only be fixed by forcing the complete uninstall and reinstall of the app.[200] The bug was discovered by Check Point in August 2019 and reported to WhatsApp. It was fixed in version 2.19.246 onwards.[201][202]
For security purposes, since February 1, 2020, WhatsApp has been made unavailable on smartphones using legacy operating systems like Android 2.3.7 or older and iPhone iOS 8 or older that are no longer updated by their providers.[203]
In April 2020, the NSO Group held its governmental clients accountable for the allegation of human rights abuses by WhatsApp. In its revelation via documents received from court, the group claimed that the lawsuit brought against the company by WhatsApp threatened to infringe on its clients’ “national security and foreign policy concerns”. However, the company did not reveal names of the end users, which according to a research by Citizen Lab include, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Kazakhstan, Morocco, Mexico and the United Arab Emirates.[204]
On 16 December 2020, a claim that WhatsApp gave Google access to
In September 2017, WhatsApp confirmed rumors[243][244] that they were building and testing two new tools for businesses.[104] The apps were launched in January 2018,[245] separated by the intended userbase:
A WhatsApp Business app for small companies[246]
An Enterprise Solution for bigger companies with global customer bases, such as airlines, e-commerce retailers and banks, who would be able to offer customer service and conversational commerce (e-commerce) via WhatsApp chat, using live agents or chatbots. (As far back as 2015, companies like Meteordesk[247] had provided unofficial solutions for enterprises to attend to large numbers of users, but these were shut down by WhatsApp.)
In October 2020, Facebook announced the introduction of pricing tiers for services offered via the WhatsApp Business API, charged on a per-message basis.[248][249]
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